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Objective@#The method of compositional data analysis was used to explore the relationship between 24 hour movement behavior and obesity indicators, and to examine the difference of quantitative effect on obesity indicators when one behavior replaced another behavior, so as to provide specific movement behavior advice for weight control in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#In June 2021, 231 students from eight classes in a primary school and a middle school in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province were voluntarily recruited by using random cluster sampling. ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to measure 24 hour movement behavior and Inbody J20 body composition analyzer was used to measure body composition. The relationship between each component and obesity indicators was analyzed by compositional multivariate linear regression model. In addition, 30 minutes of one behavior was used to replace another behavior to predict the effect difference of the outcomes.@*Results@#After adjusting for covariates such as height, weight, age, and sex, compared with time spent in sedentary behavior(SB), sleep (SLP) and light physical activity (LPA), time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was positively correlated with fat free mass index (FFMI) ( β= 0.40, P ＜0.05), negatively correlated with waist circumference (WC) ( β=-2.50, P ＜0.05) and waist hip ratio (WHR) ( β= -0.04 , P ＜0.05). Compared with SB, SLP and MVPA, time spent on LPA was positively correlated with WHR ( β=0.06, P < 0.05 ). If MVPA of 30 min/d replaces SLP, SB, and LPA respectively, WC and WHR decrease 1.10,1.10,1.34 cm and 0.02, 0.02 ,0.02 respectively, and FFMI increases 0.19,0.19,0.15 kg/m 2 respectively.@*Conclusion@#In 24 h movement behavior, with consistent level of sedentary behavior, sleep or low intensity movement behavior, maintaining a high level of MVPA and replacing sedentary with active activities are crucial for optimal abdominal fat and fat free mass in children and adolescents.
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Objective@#To examine the relationship between 24 hour movement behavior and physical fitness of pupils by using compositional analyses, so as to provide a theoretical basis for physical activity promotion and physical fitness improvement.@*Methods@#By random cluster sampling method, 120 students of grade 4 and 5 from the Second Experimental Primary School of Yingze District of Taiyuan were selected. Physical fitness was evaluated by the indicators of the Protocol of National Physical Training Standard and 20 meter shuttle run. The movement behavior was measured by accelerometer. The relationship between each behavior and physical fitness was analysed by component multiple linear regression, and the effect of replacement of components on physical fitness was discussed.@*Results@#Girls 1minute situps were lower than boys（24.79±7.77，28.21±6.52），and sitting forward flexion was higher than boys[9.00（5.00，14.00），5.20（1.00，9.75）cm]（ t/Z =2.60，-3.15， P ＜0.05）. Boys showed higher light physical activity(LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and lower sedentary behavior(SB), while girls showed lower LPA, MVPA and higher SB. MVPA was positively correlated with the performance of 30 second rope skipping and 20 meter shuttle run ( β= 13.19, 7.90, P <0.05). Sleep(SLP), SB, and LPA were not significantly correlated with physical fitness. After re allocating 10 min MVPA to SB and SLP，the performance of 30 second rope skipping and 20 meter shuttle run increased by 2.25，2.28 and 1.28 ,1.34 times，respectively，while significantly decreased after reverse reallocation ( P <0.05). MVPA replaced LPA，the 20 meter shuttle run performance increased 1.46 times，while decreased significantly in reverses ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#MVPA is positively correlated with the speed and endurance of pupils. There are gender differences in movement behavior patterns and physical fitness. Children, especially girls, should be encouraged to raise exercise awareness and increase PA, especially MVPA.
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【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different anticoagulants on platelet-rich plasma(PRP) release content of growth factor and injection pain. 【Methods】 A total of 15 voluntary blood donors were selected, with each blood donor using four kinds of anticoagulant tubes with EDTA-K2 anticoagulation, EDTA-NA2 anticoagulation, citrate anticoagulation, ACD-A anticoagulation respectively as group A, B, C and D. PRP was isolated and prepared by the rich plasma method, and the contents of PDGF-AA, TGF-β, IGF-1, VEGF, and PF-4 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, SD rats (20, 4 / group) were injected subcutaneously or intradermally with the supernatant of PRP and PG gel prepared in the 4 groups and normal saline in the control group. The pain status of SD rats during the injection was observed and recorded. The pain status of the 5 groups of experimental animals was evaluated according to the American Laboratory Animal Pain Guide. 【Results】 The platelet counts in PRP in group D was the highest [(1 294.53±277.37) × 109/L], which was significantly higher than that in group A [ (789.13±377.13) ×109/L] and group C [ (990.94±493.12) ×109/L] (P<0.05). The OD value of PDGF-AA in group A, B, C, and D were 1.51± 0.18, 1.69±0.21, 0.66±0.19and 1.72±0.13, respectively, with statistically significant difference between groups (P<0.05 ) and group D better than the other three groups. The OD value of PF-4 was 1.18±0.24, 1.61±0.14, 0.65±0.26 and 1.72±0.10 respectively, with statistically significant difference between groups (P<0.05) and group D better than other three groups. The OD value of IGF-1 was 1.02±0.08, 0.98±0.11, 1.06±0.11 and 1.32±0.65 respectively, with no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). The OD value of VEGF was 0.13±0.04, 0.21±0.14, 0.08±0.02 and 0.13±0.04 respectively, with statistically significant difference between group B and C (P<0.05). The OD value of TGF-β was 0.14±0.01, 0.15±0.01, 0.28±0.17 and 1.10±0.37 respectively, with statistically significant difference between groups (P<0.05) and group D better than other three groups. Comparison of injection pain: when the supernatant of PRP and PG gel was injected, there were significant differences between group A, B, C and D, and the control group (P<0.05) . The median pain scores of PRP injection of group A, B, C, and D were 6 (1.5), 5 (0.75), 4.5 (2.5), and 3(3) respectively, with group D lower than other three groups, and no statistically significant difference was noticed (P>0.05) . The median pain scores of the PG supernatant injection of group A, B, C, and D were 4 (2.25), 3 (2.75), 4 (3), 1 (1.5), and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the PRP injection group and the PG supernatant group (P> 0.05). 【Conclusion】 PRP prepared by two-step centrifugation with ACD-A anticoagulant can obtain the higher platelet counts and the maximum release of PDGF-AA, PF-4, IGF-1, and TGF-β. In terms of pain, ACD-A anticoagulant injection has the lowest pain with the animals.
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Objective:To assess the association between blood pressure and the risks of diabetes mellitus.Methods:Screening and intervention were conducted from 2015 to 2019 for high-risk subjects of cardiovascular diseases in eight counties of Henan. Information on demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and anthropometric measurements were obtained via a questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were collected for blood glucose and serum lipids. The R 3.6.3 software was used to analyze the relationship between blood pressure and diabetes mellitus.Results:The detection rate of diabetes mellitus was 23.5% among 120 040 participants aged 35-75 years. The mean fasting blood glucose level was significantly different among normotensive, prehypertensive, and hypertensive patients. Compared to normotensive patients, prehypertension and hypertension had adjusted ORs of 34%( OR=1.34, 95 CI%: 1.30-1.37) and 85%( OR=1.85, 95 CI%: 1.81-1.89). The corresponding ORs were 1.81(1.77-1.85) in controlled and 2.17(2.06-2.28) in uncontrolled patients. A subgroup analysis showed the same trend, where the risk of diabetes increased with blood pressure ( P<0.05). Conclusions:People with elevated BP may increase their risk of diabetes, while the risk declines when BP is under control. Therefore, targeted measures should be taken to reduce the risk.
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Esophageal cancer is a type of upper gastrointestinal malignant tumor with a high degree of malignancy， strong invasion ability， and poor prognosis， which belongs to the category of "dysphagia" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In addition to tumor resistance， Chinese herbal prescription plays a role in sensitization. In light of information in literature， the syndrome elements of esophageal cancer include Qi stagnation， phlegm， Qi deficiency， blood stasis， and Yin deficiency. After clinical differentiation， the syndromes of esophageal cancer are divided into phlegm and Qi obstruction， Qi and Yin deficiency， fluid deficiency and heat accumulation， Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness， combined phlegm and heat， combined phlegm and stasis， combined heat toxin and stasis， healthy Qi deficiency and toxin accumulation， et al. Dabanxiatang， Qigesan， Xuanfu Daizhetang， Liujunzitang， Shashen Maidongtang， and Tongyoutang are the common clinical prescriptions， where Qigesan， Liu Junzitang， and Tongyoutang have been proved by in vitro and in vivo experiments to exert anti-esophageal cancer effect by directly inhibiting tumor cell proliferation， promoting apoptosis， affecting tumor microenvironment， regulating cell energy metabolism， and inhibiting angiogenesis. In addition， an increasing number of studies have been conducted on anti-esophageal cancer effect of Chinese herbal prescription by targeting non-coding single-stranded microRNA. The specific mechanisms of Da Banxiatang， Shenzhe Peiqitang， Xiao Xianxiongtang， Renshen Banxiatang， and Liushenwan have been scarcely reported despite good clinical efficacy. Wuzhuyu Tang and Tongguansan recorded in ancient books have been rarely applied in modern times. Therefore， the present study reviewed the special drugs and prescriptions mentioned in ancient TCM classics， the commonly used Chinese herbal prescriptions in modern clinical practice， and experimental research progress， to promote treatment methods of Chinese herbal prescriptions against esophageal cancer.
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Objective@#To evaluate the association of short-term fine particulate matters (PM2.5) exposure and blood pressure in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 144 813 junior and senior middle school students who participated in the physical examination in the 2017-2018 academic year in a northern city of China, with complete record of demographic characteristics, blood pressure and no history of heart and other important organ diseases were selected as the study subjects. Data on PM2.5 and other pollutants and meteorological data were obtained from the nearest air quality and meteorological monitoring stations of each schools. A generalized linear mixed effect model was used to analyze the association between short-term exposure of PM2.5 and blood pressure.@*Results@#The 6 day average concentration of PM2.5 (lag05) increased by 10 μg/m 3 was associated with an increase of 0.177(95%CI=0.148-0.207)mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) in systolic blood pressure and 4.4%(OR=1.044, 95%CI=1.030-1.058) increase of the prevalence of high systolic blood pressure. And it was also associated with -0.021(95%CI=-0.040--0.002)mm Hg decrease in diastolic blood pressure, but had no significant correlation with the prevalence of high diastolic blood pressure. In general, a 10 μg/m 3 increase of PM2.5 was associated with 3.3% increase in the prevalence of high blood pressure (OR=1.03, 95%CI=1.02-1.05), and difference of boys and girls were found in different lagged days (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Short-term exposure of PM2.5 is associated with increased systolic blood pressure and prevalence of high blood pressure among children and adolescents. Attention should be paid to the prevention of short-term exposure of PM2.5 to protect the health of children and adolescents.
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Objective? To? explore? the? clinical? significance? of? early? oral? intervention? measures? in? the?prognosis?of?premature?infants.? Methods? 151?preterm?infants?admitted?to?neonatal?intensive?care?unit?(NICU)?of?Liaocheng?People's?Hospital?from?January?2015?to?January?2017?were?enrolled.?Premature?infants?were?divided?into?intervention?group?and?control?group?according?to?random?number?table?method?and?with?the?consent?of?legal?guardian.?Both?groups?received?routine?treatment?of?preterm?infants?after?stable?vital?signs.?The?intervention?group?received?the?oral?massage?method?adopted?by?none-nutritive?sucking,?stimulating?swallowing?function?and?SandraFucile?on?the?basis?of?routine?treatment,?once?a?day?for?14?consecutive?days.?Both?groups?were?followed?up?for?6?months.?The?oral?feeding?ability?of?premature?infants?was?evaluated?by?the?proficiency?(PRO),?rate?of?transfer?(RT),?feeding?process?and??non-nutritive?suction?(NNS).?At?40?weeks?of?postmenstrual?age?(PMA),?neonatal?behavioral?neurological?(NBNA)?was?used?to?assess?neonatal?brain?development;?Infanib?was?used?for?early?motor?development?evaluation?at?3?months?and??6?months?after?birth.? Results? Finally,?151?premature?infants?were?enrolled,?including?78?in?the?intervention?group?and?73?in?the?control?group.?The?time?to?complete?oral?feeding?of?the?intervention?group?was?significantly?shorter?than?that?of?the?control?group?(days:?18.1±3.7?vs.?23.4±5.8,?P?<?0.05).?Compared?with?the?control?group,?at?the?time?of?complete?oral?feeding,?the?PMA?of?the?intervention?group?was?significantly?decreased?(weeks:?33.4±0.9?vs.?35.9±1.9,?P <?0.05),?the?feeding?efficiency?was?significantly?increased?(mL/min:?10.6±5.1?vs.?8.1±4.7,?P?<?0.05),?and?PRO?was?significantly?increased?[(95±8)%?vs.?(72±28)%,?P <?0.05],?and?the?body?weight?was?significantly?decreased?(g:?1?836.0±193.0?vs.?2?000.8±204.5,?P?<?0.05).?The?NNS?scores?of?the?intervention?group?and?the?control?group?were?increased?gradually?with?time?(F?values?were?86.21?and?75.23,?respectively,?both?P?<?0.01),?and?the?NNS?scores?of?the?intervention?group?at??10?days?and?14?days?were?significantly?higher?than?those?of?the?control?group?(52.89±6.26?vs.?46.74±6.24,?73.90±7.01? vs.?63.53±6.80,?both?P?<?0.01).?The?NBNA?scores?of?the?two?groups?were?lower,?but?there?was?no?significant?difference?between?the?intervention?group?and?the?control?group?(32.7±3.6?vs.?32.0±4.1,?P?>?0.05).?Infanib?evaluation?at?3?months?of?age?showed?that?the?proportion?of?normal?children?in?the?intervention?group?was?significantly?higher?than?that?in?the?control?group?[67.95%?(53/78)?vs.?49.31%?(36/73),?P?<?0.05],?and?at?6?months?of?age,?the?proportion?of?normal?children?in?the?intervention?group?was?significantly?higher?than?that?in?the?control?group?[84.62%?(66/78)?vs.?58.90%?(43/73),??P <?0.01].? Conclusion? Early?oral?exercise?intervention?can?shorten?the?transition?time?from?tube?feeding?to?full?oral?feeding?in?NICU?premature?infants?and?improve?the?performance?of?infants?during?feeding.
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Aiming at the problem of the influence of preloading force on its mechanical response in soft tissue compression experiments, an elimination method of preloading force based on linear loading region is proposed. Unconfined compression experiments under a variety of different preloading forces are performed. The influence of the preloading force on the parameters of constitutive model is analyzed. In the preload phase, the mechanical response of the soft tissue is taken as a linear model. The preloading force is eliminated by taking the preloading phase into account throughout the response process. According to five different preloading forces of the unconfined compression experiments, the elimination method is validated with two different constitutive models of soft tissue, and the error between the models obtained by the preloading force elimination method and the traditional method with the experimental results is compared. The results show that the error obtained by preloading force elimination method is significantly smaller than the traditional method. The preloading force elimination method can eliminate the influence of preloading force on mechanical response to a certain extent, and constitutive model parameters which are closer to the true properties of soft tissue can be obtained.
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Elasticity , Linear Models , Models, Biological , Pressure , Stress, MechanicalABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Blang ethnic adults in Menghai county. Methods A cross-sectional survey including 3 365 Blang ethnic adults (aged 18 and above from 5 administrative villages) was conducted from February 2017 to March 2017 in Menghai county. A questionnaire, physical examination, and blood assays were included in the survey. Finally,a total of 3 237 adults with complete data were selected into this analysis. Results The standardized prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in Blang ethnic adults were estimated based on the sixth national census in 2010. According to the 1999 WHO criteria, the overall standardized prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes were 8.5% (men: 10.2%, women: 6.8%) and 16.1% (men: 18.0%, women: 14.1%), in which the standardized prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes among the total population was 7.3% (men: 8.7%, women: 5.8%). Multivariable multinominal logistic regression analyses showed that age, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and central obesity were significantly positively associated with both diabetes and prediabetes, with the corresponding odds ratios of 1.74 and 1.37, 2.39 and 2.02, 2.30 and 1.34, 2.55 and 1.73, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes is relatively high in Blang ethnic adults in Menghai county. Improving knowledge of diabetes among the local population is one of key steps in the prevention of diabetes.
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Objective@#To investigate the accuracy of arrhythmia detection algorithm and the effectiveness of Reveal LINQ insertable cardiac monitor (ICM).@*Methods@#This single-center, descriptive, non-controlled clinical study was designed to enroll consecutive patients who were implanted with Reveal LINQ ICM in Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center from June 19, 2014 to April 18, 2017. The safety of implant procedure, the accuracy of automatic arrhythmia detection algorithm and the clinical effectiveness were evaluated and validated independently by two physicians.@*Results@#Sixty patients with average age of (65±13) years (30-89 years) were enrolled and the follow-up duration was 466 days (30-1 072 days). Of these, 57 patients are male. The indications of ICM implantation were unexplained syncope in 35 cases, cryptogenic stroke in 13 cases, atrial fibrillation (AF) management in 5 cases, and palpitations in 7 cases. The implantation procedure was safe and successful in all patients without complications. The detection accuracy of arrhythmia algorithm was 86% (620/723), 82% (2 369/2 876), and 30% (411/1 380) for tachycardia, bradycardia, and pause events, respectively. The detection accuracy of arrhythmia algorithm for AF was 17% (5/30), 60% (1 569/2 632) and 69% (172/251) for cryptogenic stroke, unexplained syncope, and AF management, respectively. Important clinical findings were observed in 15% (9/60) patients. Only 5% (3/60) patients had important findings based on the intended clinical indications.@*Conclusion@#The Reveal LINQ ICM is a safe, simple, and effective procedure for the detection of tachycardia and bradycardia events. However, the automatic AF and pause events detection algorithm had high false positive rate which requires further improvement.
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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence and related factors of dyslipidemia among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in 7 provinces in China.@*Methods@#Using the method of stratified cluster random sampling, 93 primary and secondary schools were selected from Guangdong, Hunan, Liaoning provinces, Shanghai, Chongqing, Tianjin municipalities and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China, 2012. A total of 16 434 students aged 6-17 years old with completed physical and lipid profiles parameters were selected into this study from above 93 primary and secondary schools. Dyslipidemia was determined by the definition of Expert Advice on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents in 2009. Logistic regression model was used to explore the factors related to dyslipidemia.@*Results@#The prevalence of elevated total cholesterol, elevated triglyceride, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and dyslipidemia was 5.4% (887 cases), 15.7% (2 578 cases), 3.0% (492 cases), 13.5% (2 221 cases) and 28.5% (4 679 cases) among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, respectively. Sugary drinks intake ≥once per week (OR=1.14; 95%CI: 1.05-1.24), sedentary time >10 hours per day (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.01-1.28), overweight (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.33-1.70), and obesity (OR=2.62, 95%CI: 2.31-2.96) were significantly associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in 7 provinces in China, 2012. Sugary drinks intake ≥once per week, sedentary time >10 hours per day, overweight and obesity might be the risk factors of dyslipidemia among children and adolescents.
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Objective@#To investigate whether the suppressive effects of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on endometriosis are mediated by the regulation of autophagic activity, and to further explore the actual molecular mechanism.@*Methods@#(1) Eutopic and ectopic endometria were obtained from 13 patients with endometriosis, and 10 eutopic endometria collected from non-endometriosis patients were used as control. The expression of the autophagy-related biochemical markers [microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and p62] were detected by western blot. Levels of LXA4 in the biopsies were measured by ELISA. (2) Primary human endometrial stromal cells (ESC) were isolated and cultured in vitro from eutopic endometria of infertility patients with endometriosis. After treatment with exogenous LXA4 or autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or autophagy inducer rapamycin, cell migration and invasion were evaluated by transwell assay, and autophagy was detected by western blot. (3) ESC were treated with LXA4, the gene expressions of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) etc. were examined by quantitative real-time PCR, and the activation of NF-κB signaling was detected by western blot. (4) ESC were incubated with 10 μmol/L NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7080, the autophagic activation was detected by western blot.@*Results@#(1) Autophagy-related marker, LC3-Ⅱ and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio, showed a significant up-regulation in ectopic lesions of endometriosis compared with eutopic endometria of affected or healthy women (all P<0.05) . However, the LXA4 level significantly decreased in ectopic tissue (P<0.05) . There was a significant negative correlation between LXA4 concentration and relative expression of LC3-Ⅱ in ectopic lesions (r= -0.780, P=0.002) . (2) 10 and 100 nmol/L exogenous LXA4 could significantly down-regulate the LC3-Ⅱ protein expression and up-regulate the p62 protein expression (all P<0.05) . LXA4 markedly inhibited the invasion and migration of ESC (P<0.05) ;while the reactivation of autophagy by rapamycin almost reversed the anti-invasion and anti-migration effects of LXA4. (3) After LXA4 treatment, the expression level of NF-κB gene significantly decreased (P<0.05) . Furthermore, the results of western blot analysis showed that the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 was markedly down-regulated under LXA4 treatment (P<0.05) . (4) The NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7080 markedly suppressed the autophagic activation of LXA4 (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#LXA4 could inhibit the invasion and migration of ESC by down-regulating the NF-κB signaling-mediated autophagy.
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Objetive To explore bacteriological changes and susceptible factor of nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods The clinical data from 5543 hospitalized neonates during January 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Nosocomial infection rate during the study period was 8 . 75 %. The most common pathogen of nosocomial infection was Staphylococcus epidermidis, followed by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Respiratory infection accounted for 37.73% and blood infection 37.53%. 36.74% blood samples were tested to be positive, and 32.67% sputum were positive. In the first three years, the main pathogens of nosocomial infection were Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus; in the last three years, the main pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The susceptible factors of nosocomial infection in NICU were gestational age?
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Objective To observe the changes of A20 in mesangial cells of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rat model in?duced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-rat, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods (1)Thirty health male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two group. Model rats were given streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 60 mg/kg by intraperitoneal in?jection. Rats in the control group received the same volume of citrate buffer in the same way. Levels of blood glucose and uri?nary microalbumin were detected in two groups at the 6th and the 8th week. Changes of renal pathology were observed by HE staining. Changes of protein A20 were observed by immunohistochemistry. (2) Expression changes of gene and proteins A20, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, IκB, IKKγand MCP-1 in renal cells treated with LPS were determined after treatment with different time points (0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h) and different concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10μg/L). Results (1) Levels of blood glucose and urinary microalbumin were significantly increased in model group compared with those of control group ( P <0.01). HE stainig showed that hyaline degeneration in tubular epithelial cells was found in model group, especially at the 8th week. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that expression of protein A20 significantly decreased in kidney tubules and nearly disappeared in glomerulus in model group compared with that of control group, which expressed less at the 8th week. (2) There was no significant difference in the expression of IKKγbetween different concentrations and different times. Com?pared with 0 h, the expression of A20 protein was increased at 2 h and 4 h, except that the expression of A20 protein in?creased after 6 h (P<0.05). Meanwhile NF-κB expression increased and IκB expression decreased in different time points (P<0.05). In addition, the expressions of A20 and IκB were decreased concentration-dependently (P<0.05). The expres?sion levels of NF-κB and MCP-1 were increased concentration-dependently (P<0.05). Conclusion A20 may involve in the development of diabetic nephropathy by regulating the NF-κB pathway.
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Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is the most fatal diseases in the world.The prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are both basic and clinical focus.Aspirin has been used as a prevention medicine in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for over a century, which is the longest one in history.Aspirin use is estimated at 100 billion tablets annually as an analgesic, antipyretic and antiplatelet drugs.However, there are still many new findings about aspirin, such as aspirin resistance and aspirin hydrolase.This paper reviews the current research advances and future directions of aspirin in cardiovascular and cerebravascwlar diseases, mainly focuses on aspirin resistance and personalized medication.
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@#Objective To observe the effects of low frequency ultrasound on carotid artery plaque and artery stenosis. Methods 156 patients with carotid atherosclerosis were divided into treatment group (n=80) and control group (n=76). The control group was administered routine medicine, while the treatment group accepted low frequency ultrasound therapy in addition. The size and shape of carotid artery plaque, severity of stenosis and the level of lipid were observed before and after treatment, and the side-effects were recorded. Results The intima-media thickness (IMT), diameter of plaque, plaque score decreased after treatment in both groups, and decreased more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05); while the frequence of moderate stenosis and severe stenosis was less (P<0.05). The levels of low density lipoprotein- cholesterol and total cholesterol decreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and decreased more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). No serious side-effect was observed. Conclusion Low frequency ultrasound can reduce the atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery and relieve the stenosis.
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Objective To observe the effects of low frequency ultrasound on carotid artery plaque and artery stenosis. Methods 156 pa-tients with carotid atherosclerosis were divided into treatment group (n=80) and control group (n=76). The control group was administered routine medicine, while the treatment group accepted low frequency ultrasound therapy in addition. The size and shape of carotid artery plaque, severity of stenosis and the level of lipid were observed before and after treatment, and the side-effects were recorded. Results The intima-media thickness (IMT), diameter of plaque, plaque score decreased after treatment in both groups, and decreased more in the treat-ment group than in the control group (P<0.05);while the frequence of moderate stenosis and severe stenosis was less (P<0.05). The levels of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and total cholesterol decreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and decreased more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). No serious side-effect was observed. Conclusion Low frequency ultrasound can reduce the atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery and relieve the stenosis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Widely pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation is also related to an increasing need for transvenous lead extraction. Understanding the location and extent of pathological changes, including adhesions and fibrous tissue formation along the course of chronic pacemaker/ICD leads, are essential for operators performing lead extraction operations in order to reduce the potential life threatening complications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three parts are included in the research, pathological examination on 83 extracted pacemaker/ICD leads using excimer laser technique from March 2008 to March 2011, autopsy examination of one died patient during lead extraction for lead-related infective endocarditis, and anatomical analysis on pacemaker/ICD leads from 10 patients died of other non-cardiac causes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Extensive encapsulated fibrous tissue around the leads and extensive adhesion/fibrosis along the course of the leads from venous entry site to the lead/myocardial interface could be detected on transvenous pacemaker/ICD leads. Since the tissue at the junction between superior vena cava (SVC) and right atrium (RA) is very thin, free of pericardium, thus, this is a common place for extensive adhesion/fibrosis and myocardial perforation/tear during lead extraction, which accounted for one death during extraction in our cohort. Extensive adhesion and fibrosis were also observed at the tricuspid valve and subvalvular structures. Leads implanted to the right ventricular apex were close to the epicardial surface and prone to perforation through myocardium. It is common to observe thrombus on the leads or at the interface between leads and myocardial tissue, especially at right atrial appendage (RAA) at the site of lead insertion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Extensive adhesions and fibrosis can be commonly seen along the course of pacemaker/ICD leads, and at SVC to RA junction, the tricuspid valve/subvalvular structures, and RA/RV lead interface. The tissue at SVC to RA junction is very thin, making it vulnerable for myocardial perforation/tear during lead extraction. Thrombus is commonly seen along the leads or at the lead-tissue interface.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Defibrillators, Implantable , Device Removal , Fibrosis , Heart Atria , Pathology , Heart Ventricles , Pathology , Lasers, Excimer , Myocardium , Pathology , Pacemaker, Artificial , Thrombosis , Pathology , Vena Cava, Superior , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)in chil-dren with tachycardia arrhythmias. Methods One hundred and twenty - three children under 3 years old with drug -refractory tachycardia underwent an interventional electrophysiology procedure and RFCA in Medical Center of Tsinghua University from April 1994 to December 2014,including 98 male and 25 female,and their average age was(22. 9 ± 9. 6)months(2 - 35 months)and body weight was(13. 64 ± 2. 80)kg(4. 66 - 19. 40 kg). The mechanism,RFCA methods,the success rate,recurrence rate and complication rate of the different types of tachycardia were investigated. Results Among these children,interventional electrophysiological study confirmed 94 cases(76. 4% ,94 / 123 cases) with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia(AVRT),7 cases(5. 7% ,7 / 123 cases)with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia(AVNRT),3 cases(2. 4% ,3 / 123 cases)with focal atrial tachycardia(FAT),8 cases(6. 5% ,8 / 123 ca-ses)with atrial flutter(AF),5 cases(4. 1% ,5 / 123 cases)with idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia(ILVT),6 ca-ses(4. 8% ,6 / 123 cases)arrhythmia was not induced. RFCA was performed in 109 cases(88. 6% ,109 / 123 cases). The success rate of RFCA was 94. 5%(103 / 109 cases)and the recurrence rate was 6. 8%(7 / 103 cases). In 88 cases of AVRT,the success rate was 96. 6%(85 / 88 cases),and the recurrence rate was 8. 2%(7 / 85 cases). In 5 cases of AVNRT,the success rate was 100. 0%(5 / 5 cases). In 3 cases of FAT,the success rate was 33. 3%(1 / 3 cases). In 8 cases of AF,the success rate was 87. 5%(7 / 8 cases). In 5 cases of ILVT,the success rate was 100. 0%(5 / 5 cases), and there was no recurrence. The complication of RFCA was puncture vascular occlusion in 2 cases(1. 6% ,2 / 123 ca-ses),without other serious complications and death cases. In this group of children,the fluoroscopy exposure time was (11. 2 ± 5. 8)min(5. 7 - 18. 2 min)and dose area product(DAP)exposure was(954. 5 ± 117. 4)mGy × cm2(707 -2 201 mGy × cm2 ). Compared with the elder children(379 cases over 3 years old)of the exposure fluoroscopy time (10. 8 ± 6. 4)min(3. 9 - 20. 5 min)and DAP exposure(927. 5 ± 193. 4)mGy × cm2(439 - 3 201 mGy × cm2 ),there was no statistically significant difference(t = 0. 616,1. 463,all P ﹥ 0. 05). Conclusions AVRT was the most common type of arrhythmia in infants and a higher incidence of multiple accessory pathways was found in infants. Application of radiofrequency ablation to children with tachycardia arrhythmias can be relatively safe and effective to the infants with drug - resistant tachycardia.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat (PQ),and the effect of Xuebijing injection in treatment of PQ poisoning.Methods Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,PQ poisoning group,and Xuebijing intervention group,with 24 rats in each group.Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by single garage at the dosage of 50 mg/kg of PQ,while 1 mL of distilled water was given by gavage in control group.Xuebijing injection at the dosage of 4 mL/kg were given intraperitoneally at 30 minutes after exposure to PQ in Xuebijing group,and it was repeated every 12 hours; same amount of physiological saline was given intraperitoneally in PQ group and control group.The experiment lasted for 14 days.Six rats in each group were sacrificed on 1,3,7,14 days,respectively,after insult,and 30 minutes after the last intervention.The lung tissues were harvested,the changes in pathology in lung tissue and the degree of pulmonary fibrosis were observed with optical microscope with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson stain.The ultrastructure changes in lung tissues were observed with transmission electron microscopic,and the content of hydroxyproline (HYP) in the lung tissue was determined by alkaline hydrolysis.The expression of mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) was determined by Western Blot.Results ① HE staining:in PQ group,inflammation was most marked on the 3rd day.On the 7th day,exudates in the alveoli started to be organized,and hypertrophic fibroblasts were seen to secrete slim collagen fibers,and fibrosis could be seen in alveoli.On the 14th day,intensive hyperplasia of fibroblasts could be observed,and the alveolar structure was destroyed and collapsed,with deposition of collagen deposited with formation of pulmonary fibrosis.At the same time,pathologic changes were milder in Xuebijing group than those in PQ group.② Masson staining:the degree of inflammation in alveoli and pulmonary fibrosis were less marked in Xuebijing group than those of PQ group on the 14th day.③ Under the transmission electron microscopy,it was found that the mitochondria of lung tissue cells was relatively less in number on the 14th day in PQ group,and the majority of them underwent degeneration,swelling and damage.Basement membrane became folded,alvcoli were collapsed,and fibrosis was obvious.These changes were less serious in Xuebijing group.④ Content of HYP (μg/g):contents of HYP in lung tissues on the 3rd day in PQ group and Xuebijing group were significantly higher than those in control group (743.3 ± 50.2,718.1 ± 34.0 vs.665.8± 6.6,both P＜0.05),it then increased gradually,but the contents of HYP in Xuebijing group were significantly lower on the 7th day and 14th day than those in PQ group (790.5 ± 23.8 vs.876.7 ± 42.0,812.9 ± 72.3 vs.931.3 ± 33.0,both P＜0.05).⑤ Expression of Mfn2:the expression of Mfn2 in control group was relatively lower.The expression of Mfn2 in PQ group was increased gradually under stress,but its rate was low.The expression of Mfn2 (A value) in Xuebijing group was significantly higher than that in PQ group on the 1st day (0.731 ±0.035 vs.0.618 ±0.029,P＜0.05),and it was elevated steadily,reaching the peak on the 7th day (0.732 ± 0.037 vs.0.669 ± 0.034,P＜0.05),but it was lower than that of PQ group on the 14th day (0.708 ± 0.034 vs.0.765 ± 0.041,P＜0.05).Conclusions Xuebijing reduces lung inflammatory reaction and pulmonary fibrosis as a result of PQ poisoning.The mechanism is that Xnebijing regulates and increases expression of Mfn2 in lung tissue.